Bharatpur’s Keoladeo National Park (KNP), a UNESCO World Heritage site, is experiencing a revitalizing transformation in 2024, thanks to the abundant rains in eastern Rajasthan. After years of struggling with water shortages, the park is finally set to receive a substantial amount of fresh water, bringing renewed hope for its rich ecosystem and the migratory birds that flock here every year. This water bounty promises to make the upcoming bird-watching season in Bharatpur a paradise for bird enthusiasts once again.
In this blog, we’ll explore how the rains have rejuvenated the park, what this means for the bird-watching season, and why 2024 could be one of the best years to visit Keoladeo National Park.
1. A New Lease of Life: Rain Blesses Keoladeo National Park
Keoladeo National Park has faced numerous challenges in recent years, primarily due to insufficient water supply. The park relies on a delicate balance of water levels to sustain its wetlands, a critical factor for the survival of its diverse bird species. This year, however, the situation has changed dramatically. Incessant rains have led to the opening of the gates of Panchana Dam, providing much-needed water to the park.
The five seasonal rivers that feed into the Panchana Dam—Kalisindh, Bhadrawati, Barkheda, Morel, and Karauli—have been overflowing due to heavy rainfall. As a result, water is being released into the park, with officials estimating that about 8 to 10 square kilometers of the park’s total 29 square kilometers will remain submerged to a depth of 3 to 4 feet. This influx of water is crucial for reviving the park’s aquatic ecology, which is essential for the survival of its bird population.
2. The Importance of Water for Bharatpur’s Wetlands
Keoladeo National Park’s ecosystem revolves around its wetlands. Ideally, the park needs around 550 million cubic feet of water between July and October to maintain these wetlands. This period coincides with the breeding season for most of the park’s resident and migratory bird species.
Water in the wetlands supports the growth of aquatic vegetation, fosters fish populations (a primary food source for many birds), and creates the ideal nesting conditions for several species. With the park now receiving between 7-8 million cubic feet of water per day, and officials expecting up to 15 million cubic feet, this year’s water flow is on track to meet or exceed the required levels.
The Ecological Benefits of the Water Influx:
- Increased Fish Populations: The fresh water will bring 30 to 35 species of fish, crucial for bird species like the Painted Stork, Cormorant, and Spoonbill.
- Revived Vegetation: The flow of clean water will help restore aquatic plants, providing food and nesting material for birds.
- Boosted Bird Populations: A rise in the number of migratory and resident birds is expected, as birds find better feeding and breeding conditions in the park’s restored wetlands.
3. Best Time to Visit Keoladeo National Park in 2024 for Birdwatching
While Bharatpur is a year-round destination, the best time for birdwatching at Keoladeo National Park is between October and March, which coincides with the peak arrival of migratory birds. Given the rejuvenation of the park in 2024 due to the heavy rains, this season is expected to be particularly spectacular.
Why October to March is the Best Birdwatching Season:
- Arrival of Migratory Birds: By October, migratory species such as Siberian cranes, Bar-headed geese, and Northern pintails begin arriving in the park, escaping the harsh winters of their native lands.
- Breeding Season for Local Birds: Resident birds such as the Painted Stork, Ibis, and Heron breed during the post-monsoon period when water levels are at their highest.
- Pleasant Weather: With temperatures ranging from 8°C to 22°C, the winter months are comfortable for both birds and visitors, making it ideal for extended hours of exploration and photography.
In 2024, due to the influx of water and favorable conditions, birdwatchers can expect an even greater variety and number of species than in recent years.
4. Key Bird Species to Watch for in 2024
Keoladeo National Park is home to over 370 bird species, including a fascinating mix of resident and migratory birds. With the water levels restored, birdwatchers in 2024 are in for a treat.
Resident Birds:
- Painted Stork: These large, striking birds are commonly found nesting in the park during the post-monsoon period. With ample water and fish, their numbers are expected to thrive this year.
- Indian Sarus Crane: The tallest flying bird in the world, Sarus cranes are a regular feature in Bharatpur and can be seen in large numbers during their breeding season.
- Indian Peafowl: As India’s national bird, the peacock is a common yet spectacular sight in the park.
Migratory Birds:
- Siberian Crane: A critically endangered species, the Siberian crane is one of the most sought-after migratory birds. The fresh influx of water improves the chances of seeing these magnificent birds in 2024.
- Bar-Headed Geese: Known for their remarkable migratory journey over the Himalayas, these geese are a regular feature during the winter months.
- Northern Pintail and Common Teal: These migratory ducks from Europe and Central Asia will return in large numbers, thanks to the restored wetlands.
5. Impact of Rainfall on the Ecosystem and Future Outlook
While the rain has brought immediate relief, Keoladeo National Park’s water-related challenges are deeply rooted in the construction of the Panchana Dam, which cut off the traditional water supply from the Gambhir River. In recent years, polluted water from the Govardhan Drain has negatively affected the park’s vegetation and fish populations, resulting in fewer birds.
Rebuilding the Ecosystem:
- The Role of Panchana Dam: With the opening of the dam gates, fresh water will travel over 132 kilometers to reach the sanctuary. This is expected to restore the aquatic vegetation and fish populations, laying the foundation for a more sustainable future.
- Nesting Opportunities: The influx of fresh water will encourage 16 to 17 species to nest, including the Cormorant, Spoonbill, and Heron.
- Fish Populations: With 30 to 35 fish species entering the park, bird populations that rely on aquatic prey will benefit immensely.
The rains in 2024 mark the beginning of a positive trend for Keoladeo National Park, potentially signaling a return to its former glory as one of the world’s top birdwatching destinations.
